South Africa:
Notes
Background:
-Dutch controlled lower parts of South Africa Cape Town.
-South Africa becomes British Colony in
-Dutch in South Africa spoke Afrikaans the Boers and claimed to be there own country and were not to be given to the English
-Cecil Rhodes- Boers
-Lord Kitchener- British
-Have two states the Transvaal and Orange free state controlled by Dutch
-British wanted to own everything
-The Boer wars
2nd Boer War (19th century):
-British is feeling threatened (by Germany)
-Use Africa as a show of power
-Boers have developed Guerrilla hare fare
-English are losing
-British invent concentration camps- Lord Kitchener decides to do whatever it takes
-Kidnaped women and children- put them in concentration camps- to starve to death- the Boers came out to fight- the English had the advantage
-Boers- second class citizens
-English invite South Africa to join the commonwealth
-Economic rehabilitation
-Afrikaans given power by the English
-80% of the population Bantus was ignored
-Social Darwinism- white people are superior
-Bantus form an political group- change name to African National Congress- don't want to be treated as second class citizens and uses political parties to fight this injustice
1930:
-Rise of Adolf Hitler
-kinda agree with hitler- majority of white south africans support nazis
-biggest supports of the nazis- such reformist church-also supports national party
-1948 national party comes to power under Daniel Malan
-Hitler defeated- jesse owns- rest of the world rejects social Darwinism- South Africa ignores these facts because then those in power would have to give it up
-Bantus can't vote- Daniel Malan- policy is that we need separate in society- apartheid
-Group Areas act- 1950- allows legally for apartheid to take place- through laws- geographically separate the races
-separate amenities act- 1953- you get a race card 1- whites 2-coloured 3- black
-creates separate beaches- hospitals- sidewalks- water fountains- bathrooms- sports- cricket and rugby
-separation of the towns- white only- forced black migration
-Used the USA as an example- in Georgia, Alabama
-Used Canada as an example, such as reserves
-South Africa's version was the "homelands" aka the Bantustans
-80% of the population on 11-13% of the land- the worst possible land
-ANC-protests- Albert Luthuli- learned from Gandhi- peaceful protest
-PAC-protests- same idea
-This changed in 1960 in a town called Sharpeville- peaceful protest- south African police affirmed with weapons and planes- without warning shoots fired- people ran away- 69 people killed were shoot in the back- 180 wounded
-results- ANC and PAC were out lawed
-Nelson Mandela- student of Gandhi- intentionally- charged of treason- 1961 freed- recognized that non-violence wasn't going to give them a solution
-creates group called umkhonto we Sizwe- spear of the nation- he admits to crime against humanity but only because of the oppression
-arrested agin- 1964 convicted- cell in Robben Island till 1989
-Sharpsville (turning point) draws the eye of the world- outrage from Canada- Australia an d Great Britain- initially they couldn't say much because they did similar stuff
-South Africa responds- votes to become republic and leave the common wealth
-separate was a way for the whites to control the majority of the population
1974:
-it became clear the apartheid would not with stand and therefore passed the Afrikaans Medium decree
-Kids can only learn on of two languages- Afrikaans or english making there heritage and culture illegal
-Soweto- was an angry protest (turning point)
-Afrikaans believed their lives were in danger and decided to crush the uprising with tanks- 600 people killed
-white communities joined the blacks in protest
-the un passed a resolution that no nation was prohibited to trade weapons with south Africa- Israel does
-South Africa becomes a nuclear power
1985:
-Botha- issues a state of emergency
-never lifted till the end of apartheid
-De Klerk comes to power
-says this separation has become violent and that together they should carve out a South Africa together
-Legalizes the ANC
-wants Mandela to be freed- 1989
1993:
-Botha and Mandela win nobel peace prize
-becomes president
-puts in place the truth and reconciliation- instead of revenge- becomes its no justice
-forgive and move forward
20's:
-still unstable
-Dutch controlled lower parts of South Africa Cape Town.
-South Africa becomes British Colony in
-Dutch in South Africa spoke Afrikaans the Boers and claimed to be there own country and were not to be given to the English
-Cecil Rhodes- Boers
-Lord Kitchener- British
-Have two states the Transvaal and Orange free state controlled by Dutch
-British wanted to own everything
-The Boer wars
2nd Boer War (19th century):
-British is feeling threatened (by Germany)
-Use Africa as a show of power
-Boers have developed Guerrilla hare fare
-English are losing
-British invent concentration camps- Lord Kitchener decides to do whatever it takes
-Kidnaped women and children- put them in concentration camps- to starve to death- the Boers came out to fight- the English had the advantage
-Boers- second class citizens
-English invite South Africa to join the commonwealth
-Economic rehabilitation
-Afrikaans given power by the English
-80% of the population Bantus was ignored
-Social Darwinism- white people are superior
-Bantus form an political group- change name to African National Congress- don't want to be treated as second class citizens and uses political parties to fight this injustice
1930:
-Rise of Adolf Hitler
-kinda agree with hitler- majority of white south africans support nazis
-biggest supports of the nazis- such reformist church-also supports national party
-1948 national party comes to power under Daniel Malan
-Hitler defeated- jesse owns- rest of the world rejects social Darwinism- South Africa ignores these facts because then those in power would have to give it up
-Bantus can't vote- Daniel Malan- policy is that we need separate in society- apartheid
-Group Areas act- 1950- allows legally for apartheid to take place- through laws- geographically separate the races
-separate amenities act- 1953- you get a race card 1- whites 2-coloured 3- black
-creates separate beaches- hospitals- sidewalks- water fountains- bathrooms- sports- cricket and rugby
-separation of the towns- white only- forced black migration
-Used the USA as an example- in Georgia, Alabama
-Used Canada as an example, such as reserves
-South Africa's version was the "homelands" aka the Bantustans
-80% of the population on 11-13% of the land- the worst possible land
-ANC-protests- Albert Luthuli- learned from Gandhi- peaceful protest
-PAC-protests- same idea
-This changed in 1960 in a town called Sharpeville- peaceful protest- south African police affirmed with weapons and planes- without warning shoots fired- people ran away- 69 people killed were shoot in the back- 180 wounded
-results- ANC and PAC were out lawed
-Nelson Mandela- student of Gandhi- intentionally- charged of treason- 1961 freed- recognized that non-violence wasn't going to give them a solution
-creates group called umkhonto we Sizwe- spear of the nation- he admits to crime against humanity but only because of the oppression
-arrested agin- 1964 convicted- cell in Robben Island till 1989
-Sharpsville (turning point) draws the eye of the world- outrage from Canada- Australia an d Great Britain- initially they couldn't say much because they did similar stuff
-South Africa responds- votes to become republic and leave the common wealth
-separate was a way for the whites to control the majority of the population
1974:
-it became clear the apartheid would not with stand and therefore passed the Afrikaans Medium decree
-Kids can only learn on of two languages- Afrikaans or english making there heritage and culture illegal
-Soweto- was an angry protest (turning point)
-Afrikaans believed their lives were in danger and decided to crush the uprising with tanks- 600 people killed
-white communities joined the blacks in protest
-the un passed a resolution that no nation was prohibited to trade weapons with south Africa- Israel does
-South Africa becomes a nuclear power
1985:
-Botha- issues a state of emergency
-never lifted till the end of apartheid
-De Klerk comes to power
-says this separation has become violent and that together they should carve out a South Africa together
-Legalizes the ANC
-wants Mandela to be freed- 1989
1993:
-Botha and Mandela win nobel peace prize
-becomes president
-puts in place the truth and reconciliation- instead of revenge- becomes its no justice
-forgive and move forward
20's:
-still unstable
Video Link
Pictures
"To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity." -Nelson Mandela
|
How did Nelson Mandela's jail time change him, how did it not? When was the military portion of ANC added was this necessary, how did this change things?
|
Audio Link
Political Cartoons
3, 2, 1
Divided, Resistant, Un-stable
Would change have happened if the ANC hadn't become violent?
Or was it enough that the international community peacefully protested South Africa?
South Africa is both the land and the sea, different as can be, yet they belong together.
Would change have happened if the ANC hadn't become violent?
Or was it enough that the international community peacefully protested South Africa?
South Africa is both the land and the sea, different as can be, yet they belong together.
Essay
While Mandela was a great man in the struggle to end Apartheid in South Africa, globally he had very little impact in making the world a freer place.
Nelson Mandela was leader within South Africa and led a resistance to end apartheid and continued to lead the population of South Africa into a stage of reconciliation. It can’t be argued that Mandela had a major impact in shaping South Africa; however there is some debate on whether or not he was a global leader that managed impacted the world, creating a freer place. Yet Mandela did impact the rest of the world, states that were prone to prejudice, boycotted South Africa and called people to become political activists during the apartheid due to Nelson Mandela, the inspirational truth and reconciliation committee that healed parts of South Africa in attempt to stoop hatred and revenge as well as the the universal grief felt when Mandela’s death came at the age of 95.
When the people of South Africa decided that apartheid needed to be stopped it wasn’t just one class and it certainly wasn’t just one race. The people of South Africa along with the international community had had enough. Around 1948 countries began to boycott South Africa. They refused to trade with South Africa as well as banning South Africa from international sports, such as the Olympics. The citizens of South Africa were not the only ones who disagreed with the South African government’s policy of apartheid. Nelson Mandela was one figure and one voice that stood out at this time and that the international community could see as a direct connection between the government and their wrong doings. Even the international community though he was wrongfully imprisoned for 25 years. And he came to represent South Africa’s lost but unwavering voice during this era.
After the apartheid had ended in South Africa and Mandela was freed, it became very clear that the people wanted him to lead them through this difficult time. The apartheid had ended but Mandela needs a way for the people to forgive, and move on without forgetting and without the need for revenge. This was when he established the truth and reconciliation committee. This committee amid to gather evidence and uncover information from both victims and perpetrators, however it did not prosecute individuals for past crimes, as this was not meant as way to establish revenge but a way to recognize, apologize and forgive. South Africa is not fully healed but the TRC has helped. And other countries such as Canada have followed South Africa’s lead even though this apology is many years late. Canada officially apologized to the aboriginal people for the pain that they have caused through the residential schools; schools that took young children away from parents to separate them from their culture and to assimilate them into a “white’” society. Canada followed South Africa’s example of forgiveness in an attempt to apologize and move forward as cohesive community.
Mandela’s death was clearly felt by the international community. His death was covered in every first world country and his face was clearly printed on every newspaper. The story was one expected to be covered (as death so often is), but nearly every paper told a similar story, one of grief and sadness, pain and uncertainty for South Africa. This is a man that won’t only be remembered but one who will for the most part be remembers with fondness. The US even lowered their flags to half mass for several days, something that almost never happens for foreign diplomats. The international community not only responded to Mandela but listened to him, they headed his advice and followed in his foot step his not just the marking of a man respected but of one loved.
Nelson Mandela not only greatly impacted South Africa, he changed the world, the world stood together under one cause and fights with forgiveness instead of hatred This little changes have a huge impact on the world, Mandela had a huge impact on the world as he tried to make it a freer place by starting in South Africa.
Nelson Mandela was leader within South Africa and led a resistance to end apartheid and continued to lead the population of South Africa into a stage of reconciliation. It can’t be argued that Mandela had a major impact in shaping South Africa; however there is some debate on whether or not he was a global leader that managed impacted the world, creating a freer place. Yet Mandela did impact the rest of the world, states that were prone to prejudice, boycotted South Africa and called people to become political activists during the apartheid due to Nelson Mandela, the inspirational truth and reconciliation committee that healed parts of South Africa in attempt to stoop hatred and revenge as well as the the universal grief felt when Mandela’s death came at the age of 95.
When the people of South Africa decided that apartheid needed to be stopped it wasn’t just one class and it certainly wasn’t just one race. The people of South Africa along with the international community had had enough. Around 1948 countries began to boycott South Africa. They refused to trade with South Africa as well as banning South Africa from international sports, such as the Olympics. The citizens of South Africa were not the only ones who disagreed with the South African government’s policy of apartheid. Nelson Mandela was one figure and one voice that stood out at this time and that the international community could see as a direct connection between the government and their wrong doings. Even the international community though he was wrongfully imprisoned for 25 years. And he came to represent South Africa’s lost but unwavering voice during this era.
After the apartheid had ended in South Africa and Mandela was freed, it became very clear that the people wanted him to lead them through this difficult time. The apartheid had ended but Mandela needs a way for the people to forgive, and move on without forgetting and without the need for revenge. This was when he established the truth and reconciliation committee. This committee amid to gather evidence and uncover information from both victims and perpetrators, however it did not prosecute individuals for past crimes, as this was not meant as way to establish revenge but a way to recognize, apologize and forgive. South Africa is not fully healed but the TRC has helped. And other countries such as Canada have followed South Africa’s lead even though this apology is many years late. Canada officially apologized to the aboriginal people for the pain that they have caused through the residential schools; schools that took young children away from parents to separate them from their culture and to assimilate them into a “white’” society. Canada followed South Africa’s example of forgiveness in an attempt to apologize and move forward as cohesive community.
Mandela’s death was clearly felt by the international community. His death was covered in every first world country and his face was clearly printed on every newspaper. The story was one expected to be covered (as death so often is), but nearly every paper told a similar story, one of grief and sadness, pain and uncertainty for South Africa. This is a man that won’t only be remembered but one who will for the most part be remembers with fondness. The US even lowered their flags to half mass for several days, something that almost never happens for foreign diplomats. The international community not only responded to Mandela but listened to him, they headed his advice and followed in his foot step his not just the marking of a man respected but of one loved.
Nelson Mandela not only greatly impacted South Africa, he changed the world, the world stood together under one cause and fights with forgiveness instead of hatred This little changes have a huge impact on the world, Mandela had a huge impact on the world as he tried to make it a freer place by starting in South Africa.